Classroom Discipline Essay

Effective discipline is a challenge for all educators. â€Å"The issue of discipline, also referred to as classroom management, continues to surface as one of the most challenging problems in education today† (â€Å"The Discipline Dilemma: Problems and Promises. †). Research suggests in order to maintain a well-disciplined classroom, teachers must establish rules and expectations, enforce limits of rules, encourage and reinforce positive behavior, and effectively manage their classrooms. Effective discipline begins with rules, enforced with logical and meaningful consequences. Desired behavior is encouraged and positively reinforced. Teachers who manage their classroom efficiently use discipline as a teaching tool so students benefit and learn stability, order, respect, and values of law. â€Å"Strictly speaking, discipline means to teach, not to punish† (â€Å"Discipline as Teaching†). Setting clear, firm rules and expectation which leave little room for interpretation will establish a solid foundation by which a classroom will function. Begin the school year by setting clear rules, and using good morals and values to build positive expectations. The use of positive language will promote the behavior desired from students. Setting positive rules and expectations will give teachers and students the right mindset to start the school year off right. Start the school year off by setting clear rules. â€Å"The formulation of classroom rules from the beginning of the year has been found to be one of the most important components of effective discipline† (â€Å"Discipline in K through 8th Grade Classrooms†) The first day of school, while teachers are getting to know students and vice versa, is a good day to establish what is expected before any misbehavior can occur. Involve students in the rule making process. This allows them to voice what they expect of their classmates. Depending on the age of students, teachers may get unusual requests for rules; however, students may also have expectations of their peers which the teacher may not have thought of. Students should not make all of the rules for the class, so their input should be limited to an appropriate, manageable number. After rules are made, they should be discussed and posted where they can be easily seen. Students should fully understand what is expected so little room is left for them to interpret what they is desired. There should be a time for questions about rules so students can get clarification on any rules they do not understand. Students should also be able to demonstrate their understanding by putting the newly established rules to use in practice scenarios. By posting rules where they are easily visible, students can be easily reminded of what is expected of them. Most importantly, teachers should be prepared to change and revise rules if they are not functioning in the intended way. Include students in the change. They should give their input on why the rule is not working and how it should be modified to suit its purpose. Teachers are ultimately responsible to make changes. Once a new or modified rule is established, it should be put into effect and students should be reminded of the change when necessary. The use of good morals and values to build positive expectations will help students build character qualities that will enhance the learning environment. â€Å"The most effective and respected teachers express their beliefs, demands, and expectations within the context of clear values and goals that benefit learning† (â€Å"`Discipline with dignity’: Beyond obedience. â€Å"). Positive expectations tell what qualities are desired and how those qualities can be achieved. For example, honesty is a quality desired by all teachers and would be achieved by telling students to tell the truth all of the time. The quality is stated in a positive manner, instead of using the negative, â€Å"do not lie. † Use a mission statement to define what is desired and expected. The statement should give purpose to classroom rules. It should give a general explanation of what is expected and should communicate positive expectations effectively. The mission statement should also be used to troubleshoot behavior, by asking students if their behavior agrees with the expectations in mission statement. Give appropriate expectations so goals are attainable. When goals are reached, teachers should acknowledge the achievement and set higher goals. Students should have individual and class goals. Students learn and mature in different ways, making individual goals just as important as goals set for the class. Responsibility is a goal all teachers have for their students and as such a goal is reached, students should be given more responsibility and independence. Teachers should use positive language to promote the behavior they want from students. Effective teachers communicate in a way that promotes what is desired, rather than what is not desired. Rules and expectations should inform students what to do instead of what not to do. Teachers should refrain from using words like â€Å"do not,† â€Å"never,† among others. Rules should be put in a format that states a direction and an action. For example, â€Å"When getting in line, always line up in two lines with boys in one line and girls in another. † Telling students what not to do will leave students guessing what they are supposed to do. Teachers should speak using positive words, even when giving feedback on a negative situation. Teachers should set the example of positive behavior for students. Most students look up to their teachers. Sometimes, teachers are the only positive influence on students. In light of this, teachers should behave accordingly and be cautious of what they say and do in the presence of their students. When rules are not followed, teachers must enforce limits of rules with fair and effective punishment. It is necessary for students to be held accountable for their actions. Teachers should use action to enforce rules and communicate effectively with students to reach an understanding and solution. Students should be held accountable for their actions. â€Å"They [teachers] hold students accountable by expressing approval and disapproval, and they seek consequences that teach each student a connection between what they have done and what happens as a result of those actions† (â€Å"`Discipline with dignity’: Beyond obedience. â€Å"). When students are held accountable, they are learning that all of their choices have consequences. Broken rules should be enforced immediately. Teachers should correct misbehavior and broken rules as soon as they are noticed. Punishment should be done privately; however, correction should be immediate. If a teacher ignores one broken rule or behavior, the student will continue to test the limits of the established rules. Enforcement should be simple and should let the student know you see what is happening. For example, â€Å"It’s a good thing I like you,† â€Å"Here’s the deal: I’ll pretend I didn’t see that, and you never do it again,† â€Å"Consider yourself scolded,† â€Å"Can you solve that? Or do you need me to intervene,† â€Å"Am I driving you over the edge? † and â€Å"That’s inappropriate† (â€Å"Learning to Discipline. â€Å"). When rules are being enforced, teachers should focus on the rule broken, not the problem. For ten rules, there could be fifty problems. When enforcing rules, the problem should not be the focus. For instance, a student is talking while another student is addressing the class. When correcting the behavior of the student who is talking, the teacher should focus on the rule: Be respectful to all students and teachers. The situation can easily be corrected by saying something like, â€Å"You were talking while another student was giving a book report. Our rules say we are to be respectful to all students and teachers. † This method allows students to understand that talking is not always a problem, but they must follow the rules. Use action to enforce rules when needed. â€Å"Teachers must use action, not anger to control behavior† (â€Å"A Back-to-Basics Approach to Classroom Discipline. â€Å"). Teachers should avoid yelling at students as a control measure. Anger will upset students instead of correcting their behavior, and they may later lash out in anger. Action shows students the teacher is in control. When action is required, it should be swift and firm, without negotiation. If teachers threaten punishment, they should follow through. Punishment should be given the same day it is warranted, if possible. Once a punishment has been decided, students should not be allowed to negotiate the punishment or its terms. Use a variety of consequences and vary them for different students; not all students will respond to the same consequences. At the same time, using the same punishment over and over will not be effective. Subject work should not be given as a punishment. Use positive punishment when possible, giving students a chance to apologize in writing or in front of the class, or  rectifying a situation. Consistency is essential when disciplining students. Avoiding favorites is one way to ensure discipline will be consistent. Similar infractions should have similar consequences. If more than one student is being punished for the same offence, all of the students should receive a similar punishment. Effective communication is essential when correcting and disciplining students. A one-on-one conversation should take place that identifies the broken rule, explains the punishment and gives feedback. When speaking to students, teachers should ask for input from the student about the situation. In gathering information, teachers need to know the difference between a mistake and misbehavior; mistakes happen while learning while misbehavior is intentional. To maintain the dignity of students, teachers should have a one on one conversation to identify the reason a rule was broken and to gather any additional information needed to make a logical decision about a punishment. â€Å"Through conversation and social interaction with more capable adults and peers, students can negotiate ways to reach an understanding and/or a solution to the problem at hand† (â€Å"Classroom Management: Seventy-Three Suggestions for Secondary School Teachers. â€Å"). When enforcing discipline with a punishment, teachers should explain the wrong doing and why it goes against classroom rules. It is important to remember to focus on the rule, not the problem. Furthermore, the punishment should also be explained in detail to avoid any confusion. During the one-on-one conversation, teachers should give feedback on the negative behavior and why it is not desired. Include ways to keep the behavior from resurfacing. Also, talk about ways to further improve. Things discussed in this conversation should stay between the teacher and student. Reinforcement and encouragement of positive behavior by teachers is necessary for students to exhibit good behavior. The teacher must set the standards and go about efficiently and consistently shaping the appropriate behavior Teachers should encourage positive behavior. They should be a positive influence, but not force students to change. Teachers will be encouraging positive behavior by empowering students to make good choices on their own, while recognizing the consequences of the wrong choices. Ask questions before a rule is broken that requires the student’s thought and reflection. When teachers give students options regarding which choices to make, students will then think about the end result and the consequences of their choices. It is also necessary to reinforce positive behavior in a way that encourages students. Students learn to behave only as certain behaviors are reinforced. When reinforcing behavior, teachers should recognize good attitudes and the desires of their students to learn. Rewards are always a good idea when reinforcing behavior; however, students should understand a reward is something you earn, not something required. In effectively managed classrooms, the teacher is the authoritarian. Teachers should plan ahead and be prepared. The teacher should also be the final authority, especially concerning how students are to be and how the class schedule will run. In a classroom, the teacher is responsible for the learning that takes place. Successful teachers are prepared before coming to school, so they can begin reaching as soon as the late bell rings. Teachers must have lessons planned in advance and have daily objectives for each subject to be taught. Teachers should strive for a productive classroom where students are learning and achieving. â€Å"†¦two goals teachers should have: productive classroom environment and student satisfaction. â€Å"No teacher can truly succeed without achieving both goals† (â€Å"Classroom Management: Seventy-Three Suggestions for Secondary School Teachers†). Teachers should also be the authority for their students. It is the job of the teacher to lead students. Teachers have a duty to their students to structure their class schedule and decide how class time is best utilized. Teachers also have the responsibility to make an organized seating arrangement that allows students to learn and be productive, and allows for the teacher to reach each student. â€Å"Authoritarians know that students work and learn best in well-organized, directional, and purposeful classrooms† (â€Å"A Back-to-Basics Approach to Classroom Discipline. â€Å"). In conclusion, discipline is the foundation of a successful classroom. Research suggests in order to maintain a well-disciplined classroom, teachers must establish rules and expectations, enforce limits of rules, encourage and reinforce positive behavior, and effectively manage their classrooms. With established rules and positive expectations, students will know what behavior is desired. Teachers should be prepared for discipline problems with firm and fair action. Effective classroom management will allow for a productive and purposeful classroom. Whatever the causes of student misbehavior, there’s no denying that being able to skillfully handle it is a prerequisite for getting kids engaged in worthwhile content or moving peacefully from class to class. Works Cited Conte, Anthony E. The Discipline Dilemma: Problems and Promises Education. 2. 115. 308. Chemlynski, Carol. Discipline as Teaching. Education Digest. 3. 62. 42. Geiger, Brenda. Discipline in K through 8th Grade Classrooms. Education Digest. 2. 121. 383. Curwin, Richard L. `Discipline with dignity: Beyond obedience. Education Digest. 4. 63. 11. Metzger, Margaret. Learning to Discipline. Phi Delta Kappan. 1. 84. 170. McDaniel, Thomas R. A Back-to-Basics Approach to Classroom Discipline. Cleaning House. 5. 67. 254 Brainard, Edward. Classroom Management: Seventy-Three Suggestions for Secondary School Teachers. Cleaning House. 4. 74. 207.

Brief History of Radio Broadcasting Essay

According to an online article that was written by Gearbox (2011), the radio has become one of our most simple forms of broadcasting and communication. From helping connect soldiers on the front line of battle to entertaining the commuter on their ride to work, the radio is a part of everyday life. The article gives a brief history of radio broadcasting, in addition to how the low cost and simplicity of technology has become very easy to tune in to your favorite station, even though it was not always that way. The article mentioned that it began in 1887 when a man named Heinrich Hertz discovered radio waves and their ability to transmit code wirelessly. Hertz’s research was followed up by Reginald Fessenden who created the first continuous wave generator, which was inspired by the action of skipping stones across water. The article went on to talk about the dawn of commercial radio and how the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) was established bringing about innovations in high powered radio. he article stated that Frank Conrad an engineer for Westinghouse was the first to begin broadcasting, which he did out of his garage, where he began broadcasting sports, news, and music while at the same time giving â€Å"free advertising† spots to people. The article gave a brief description of how Sears Department stores begin to buy into the new technology selling approximately 17 million units between 1925 and 1930 which gave radio the title of â€Å"mass media†. The article went into more detail about how large audience radio stations began selling on-air advertising time helping to generate 27 million dollars a year in 1937. The article further spoke about the first major network that began broadcasting was NBC (1926) and soon after CBS was started as competition. The article then elaborated on how these stations began to hire big names like Jack Benny, George Burns, and Ed Wynn to do on air shows. The article also stated that the popularity of radio interference started to become a problem, resulting in licenses issued by the government, which was later defined as AM radio, standardized channels, and eradicated portable stations. The article mentioned that during the depression in 1930, spending on radio tripled and the Federal Communication Commission (FCC) was developed to regulate foreign commerce communication by radio.

Only God has the right to interfere in our genes

In this piece of coursework, I am going to write about Genetic engineering. I am going to discuss about the statement â€Å"Only God has the right to interfere with our genes†. I am going to Genes are made up of DNA. DNA is a substance which conveys messages through out the body. The message includes structure and functioning of cells. DNA is also known as chromosome (Many people are affected by genetics disease which may cause disability or early death). The genes are composed of DNA and are carried on the chromosomes. Genes direct the production of all the molecules that form the structures that of a cell. Genes determine the inherited characteristics that distinguish one individual from another. Each human has an estimated 90,000 genes. I think interfering with someone genes is totally wrong because its like deciding who will be what, like if doctors select someone as 99.99% footballer, then there will be no way he can beated by others. Some Muslims believe that Doctors are playing God because they are deciding our genes. They are deciding our colour, style, attitude etc. I think this is totally wrong because God made us and only he has the right to make changes in us. Allah Almighty says: (See ye not how Allah hath made serviceable unto you whatsoever is in the skies and whatsoever is in the earth and hath loaded you with His favors both without and within? Yet of mankind is he who disputeth concerning Allah, without knowledge or guidance or a Scripture giving light.) (Luqman 31: 20) which means doctors shouldn't interfere with God decisions. Whereas Some Muslims would say it's ok to interfere with genes to help someone because the Quran and hadith teach that Muslims should do all they can to cure disease? Discovering the genetic make-up of humans and using those discoveries to Improve human life is a part of what God wants humans to do as vice-gerents of his creation. It is no difference from researching into drugs which can be used to improve human life. There is a different between creating cells and creating people. Creating people by science rather than sex would be wrong. Because it would be taking over God's role in the creation of life, but creating cells is working with God. Some Christians mainly liberal Protestants, believe that genetic engineering is a good thing which should be supported by churches because Jesus told people to cure the disease and they believe that Jesus was also a healer whereas Some Christian will disagree with their view because they believe that they believe that jesus was also a healer whereas, Some Christians will disagree with their view because they believe that there is a different between creating cells and creating people. Creating people by rather than sex would be wrong because it would be wrong because it would be taking over God's role in the creation of life, but creating cells is working with God. Roman Catholics disagree with the use of embryos because they think life begins at the moment of conception whether in a womb or a glass dish. They believe killing an embryo is killing human is banned by the bible and the church.

Amazon Utilizes a Unique Method in Delivering Books to Consumers, This Research Paper

Amazon Utilizes a Unique Method in Delivering Books to Consumers, This Network Is Called Whispernet - Research Paper Example E-commerce has profoundly altered the mode through which people used to traditionally buy goods and/or services as well as conduct business activities. The major markets of e-commerce can be identified as United States, United Kingdom and Japan in the current scenario. In the e-commerce segment, Amazon faces competition from several players. In North American region, the major players of e-commerce apart from Amazon are Apple, Wal-Mart and Sears, while in Latin America, BuscaPe.com, Groupon.com, Mercado Livre, and UOL play a dominating role among other e-retailers. In European region, the major players are eBay, DailyDeal.com, Weltbild.com and CooleDeals.com among other websites. Similarly, in Asian region the major e-commerce players are 360buy.com, Suning.com and Meituan.com among other websites. As these websites also operate in similar segment, they tend to act as major competitors for Amazon (yStats, â€Å"Global B2C E-Commerce Players Report 2011†). Irrespective of sever al competitors in the e-commerce sector, Amazon has shown significant growth in terms of its business and revenue. Thesis Statement The paper aims to develop an unambiguous understanding towards the impact of e-commerce over the business functions of Amazon. The paper describes how Amazon has utilized e-commerce in several aspects of business in order to gain higher revenue. The paper also describes the strategies used by Amazon analysing the telecommunication approaches used by the company. Company Characteristics Historically, Amazon has tangled itself strictly with e-commerce trends and was successful in developing its business functions from mere book selling to an e-retailing company. By recognising the growth trend of internet, Amazon had commenced offering ‘virtual bookstore’ facilities providing opportunities to buyers to view books along with reviews before purchasing. Amazon commenced its operations online in 1997 with a vision to retail books with low-cost co mpared to other traditional book retailers. In 1998, Amazon expounded the product line from books to other items to strengthen its position in e-commerce (Pearson Education, â€Å"Introduction to E-commerce†). The mission of Amazon is to emerge as a customer oriented company and attain the leadership position in the online retailing market. Amazon’s objective is to satisfy the requirement and desire of customers in e-commerce segment. It is the goal of the organisation to increase the efficiency and productivity of business and turn into a preferable website for online shopping of books along with other products. Organizational Structure Presently, Amazon follows the virtual organisational structure which is a modern form of business introduced in the 21st century. As a virtual organization, Amazon possesses a widespread geologically dispersed work culture, empowered by innovative telecommunication

An Object (or Discovery) that the world could not live without Essay

An Object (or Discovery) that the world could not live without - Essay Example Books have got a label of â€Å"NEED† in today’s world. No matter whom you are and what you are studying every single industry needs literate and civilized employees who need books to get that position. Whether you are an accountant, doctor, engineer, architecture, artist, painter, related to any media industry or belong to any other profession you need books to get to that level. We are living in the world of units and scientific gadgetry. This technology has increased the use of books. Now the use of E-books is so common that every single person is dependent on it. Nobody can deny that (Chapman, 45). Books have come to live in our lives. We all are dependent on books. Although it’s sort of a unit we barely think about its advantages but how ironic it is that these books are included in our every phase of life. From the beginning of our childhood in schools then in colleges or universities and later in our adulthood they keep us busy from worldly

Reflection on Christian text Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reflection on Christian text - Essay Example s, a Christian fulfills all the other commandments, because they will avoid doing sin against God or even doing anything that might harm their neighbors. Therefore, the commandment of love is related to the other commandments, since it binds them all, by giving a single course of action that can be taken by the Christians, to avoid the necessity of trying to fulfill all the commandments. When one loves God and his/her neighbor, sin or any other evil acts that are guarded against by the commandments will no longer be a part of him/her. When Jesus said that â€Å"All the Law and the Prophets hang on these two commandments,† he meant that the commandments and the life that prophets had been advocating for Christians to live can easily be accomplished through loving God and loving ones neighbor. Thus, the commandment of love becomes the core of all Christian laws, since Christians should be bound by love for God and for their fellow men, and in so doing, they will accomplish Gods will in their life, which is living free of sin and serving other people, as Christians would serve

Visual analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Visual analysis - Assignment Example Figures that used to be fixed, large, often presented from the front, are at this time of light, becoming elongated proportions; they are often portrayed in the interaction. The style of this period is marked increase of scenic elements, colorful range of complication with the use of color blend. As the era of European history it is marked by numerous milestones - including the strengthening of economic and social liberties of the cities, spiritual revival that led eventually to the Reformation and Counter-Reformation, the Peasants War in Germany, the formation of absolute monarchy (the largest scale it had in France), the beginning of the Age of discoveries, the invention of European printing, the discovery of the heliocentric system in cosmology and etc. The art of that time had showing of the Byzantine trend where the refined ornamentality, subtle artistic language and deep religiosity, emotion, dogmatism, expression and philosophical depth are closely interweaved. LORENZO DI CREDI. MADONNA AND CHILD, XV century. The base for this picture was the iconography of "Madonna: Tenderness". In the picture Christ is drawn to Marys cheek, with his hands around her neck. She lowered her eyes, gently hugging her Son. The cordiality emanating from the divine figures, brings them closer to the viewer, giving him an opportunity to at least partially understand the Heavenly harmony. The trends of the High Renaissance are reflected in this picture: clarity, balance, perfect beauty of forms and tranquility of the spirit which spreads between the figures. All the colors are selected very painstakingly; they are bright but calm and charm the viewer. The di Credis picture is very similar to the work of Raphaels "Madonna of the Meadow". RAPHAEL. MADONNA OF THE MEADOW, 1506. In the composition of this picture we can feel the significant influence of the Michelangelos works. Pyramidal structure of the group of actors reminds the paintings of Leonardo da Vinci. But with

Processed Food as a Cause of Obesity and Chronic Illnesses Assignment

Processed Food as a Cause of Obesity and Chronic Illnesses - Assignment Example This essay "Processed Food as a Cause of Obesity and Chronic Illnesses" outlines the health's risks connected with the consumption of the processed food and the ways how to prevent it. Most processed foods contain a high level of modified diet products such as soybean and canola. Processed foods such as potato chips and cookies are characterised by high amounts of calories. This is because most processing procedures remove the amount water in these foods to reduce transportation costs and increase the shelf-life. Consumption of such foods leads to increased intake of the calories with a corresponding decrease in nutritional gain. Sugar sweetened soft drinks are a prominent source of calorie intake in children leading to obesity in the young generation. Ultra-processed foods lack the healthy fats, minerals, vitamins, insoluble fibre and phyto-chemicals that guard the human body against cancer and heart diseases. Fresh fruits and vegetables have a lower concentration of sugar and requi re less insulin release for their digestion compared to processed foods. High consumption of processed products may alter or completely destroy the taste buds making a person develop a tendency of getting used to strong tastes. This makes them increase the consumption of foods rich sugar and salt content. According to Ludwig (2011:1352-53), an effective plan than can reverse obesity and related trends in the prevalence of chronic diseases is, â€Å"adoption of a collective strategy that includes individual, industrial, governmental, community participation...†.

TV Talk Show Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

TV Talk Show - Essay Example Thank you for making the time to visit. Host: Our second guest is Dr. Hassad Taufiq, a Muslim scholar who is an expert on Islamic history and global politics. Recognized globally for his pioneering efforts in promoting peace and ecumenism, Dr. Hassad's reputation truly is untarnished. Good afternoon, Doctor. Host: The question that we will resolve this afternoon is whether imperialism is an issue of economics or an issue of intolerance and racial supremacy. That is certainly a painful time in our history and for better or worse, has helped chart our collective destiny as a race. First of all, I would like to ask the two of you: what are your concepts of imperialism Hassad: Well, imperialism is one dominant state exercising power over a weaker state, with no other motive but to forward its own agenda and make the weaker state subservient. It is only motivated by selfish intentions. Denise: It's really not as simple as that. Imperialism can take on more subtle forms. There can even be imperialism in trade, as when a superpower takes advantage of its economic clout to make a third world country agree to its onerous demands. Similarly, it is so easy to couch imperialism in words like democracy and order. Denise: There is a great deal of economics involved, the need to accumulate wealth. Towards the end of the 1800's, Britain felt that America was slowly catching up and was becoming the new economic superpower. Threatened by these developments and wanting to protect valuable market share, Britain embarked on a strategy: imperialism. Host: How exactly did they go about that Denise: Well, they gained colonies for economic benefit and to increase their military might. They provided Britain with new markets and resources. Soon, the other developed countries like France, Germany and the United States followed suit. Host: What continents or areas where particularly impacted by this Denise: Oh, definitely, Africa. The continent was too weak at the time to defeat the European Army and the Africans were easily suppressed. When Henry Stanley claimed the Congo River Valley for Belgium, it started the greedy scramble for pieces of this fertile land. For instance, France got Tunisia and Morocco and Italy took Libya. It was all about money and profit and gaining strategic strength. Host: Do you agree, Doctor Hassad: Well, I agree that economics played a major part, but if we are to focus on economics alone, then I'm afraid that it does not reflect the entire breadth of the problem. It is inaccurate to limit it merely to that. Host: Why do you say that Hassad: I think that at the heart of it really is the propensity of human beings to think of other human beings that they perceive to be lower than them in stature as tools. Host: How insightful and provocative. Could you please expound further Hassad: Let me put it this way - the objectives were not only limited to acquiring resources. Captured people were no different

Environmental Law, The regulation of Air Quality Essay

Environmental Law, The regulation of Air Quality - Essay Example These are important in order to find out any weak points in the regulations, to check for possible improvements in laws, and to obtain sufficient data to support or debunk regulations as needed.As such, initiating test runs for these policies and regulations can contribute to long-term solutions to air quality issues by supporting efforts to implement these at the earliest possible time. For the last four decades, sources of large-scale air pollutants such as cement factories and petroleum drilling sites were identified to pose high hazards in greatly-affecting air quality for large areas. However, in recent decades the contribution of automobile emissions were also seen as sources of particulate matter and greenhouse gases due to the gasoline combustion process in these vehicles. These results prompted the US Environmental Protection Agency, EPA to create regulations for the reduction of toxic pollutants and the release of particulate matter into the atmosphere. The successful reduction of air pollutants were tied with the implementation of the Clean Air Act Amendment of 1970, and at present has reduced emissions by up to two-thirds of emission rates during the 1960’s (Costa, 2011). However, the EPA still recognizes the need to further reduce vehicle emission rates through the generation of greener automobile technologies, thus the initiation of the National Program to further reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve fuel economy for cars to be released in the years 2017-2025, which are based on the standards under the Clean Air Act (US Environmental Protection Agency, EPA, 2013). It is expected that through the implementation of these new emission standards, carbon dioxide emissions will be reduced to an average of 163g/mile, there will be lesser dependence on oil due to higher efficiency rates, and in turn will benefit consumers a net of $3,400 to $5,000 worth of fuel

Personal Statement Essay Example for Free

Personal Statement Essay I am a young person who finds education very significant to man’s life. I set goals for myself in order to be successful in everything I do. I am active both in academics and social works. I have joined in numerous extra curricular activities such as in organizations including clubs and excel on my academic subjects at the same time. Lending a hand to our fellows is such a noble and satisfying experience. I have an amazing experience that is really worth remembering for. Life is all about giving and making others happy. Extending an arm to someone in need is one way of saying thank you to God for the blessings I have received each day. I been blessed abundantly and I want to share what God has entrusted to me. There is no such joy when you see someone being blessed and joyful because of what you have done for him or her. I believe that Nursing is caring, it is an art, a science, client centered, holistic, adaptive, concerned with health promotion, health maintenance, and health restoration and most of all I firmly agree that Nursing is a helping profession. It is the nurse’s responsibilities to take care of the client who are in need of health attention. We should be able to help the client relieve his feelings of pain or in other words to alleviate the sufferings of the client but not to the extent that they will be too dependent on us for all activities they will do. They should also be responsible enough to look after themselves and do care for their own bodies like in terms of hygiene, taking of home medications or prescribed medications and to follow the orders of the health team. Most adults care for themselves, whereas infants and people weakened by illness or disability require assistance with self-care activities. To assist those who are incapable of doing self care needs. To help them recover from their illness in order for them to regain their strength and return to their well fit bodies. Clients should be responsible to provide themselves with their personal care needs that sometimes nurses cannot take track due to other responsibilities. Because nursing theory was used primarily to establish the profession’s place in the university, it is not surprising that nursing theory became more firmly established in academia than in clinical practice. It is much advisable to be theoretically competent, that is to excel in the education of nursing, before one can render great service to those who are in health need. One should be able to provide emotional support to those individuals who are ill not just physically but as well as emotionally, nurses should also provide spiritual environment towards the clients so as to give light to their emotions and also guidance. This passion started way back my childhood days. I have seen how horrible the health care system was and witnessed a lot of people who have poor health conditions and my heart really went out with them. I could not believe of what I have witnessed so after witnessing such heart failing scenario, I started dreaming to be a nurse. When I was in my elementary and high school years, I always cracked my books and studied hard, especially in science related subjects, and that determination made me a competent student. Thus, learning the science concepts will transport me to a higher level of science studies that would fulfill my dream to be a nurse. In addition, I know deep in my heart that I am not equipped enough in this area however I am more than willing to learn and spend more time than traditional nurse students in order to build my science foundation. I will not give up this dream of mine until I will achieve it. Moreover, I am a diligent student and never give up easily. I really work hard to achieve my goal. Whatever the people might think of me I believe it is never too late as long as I am sure and motivated that this is the path I want to take in. Moreover, my dream to be a nurse motivated me to involve in science experiments and investigations. I indulged and exposed myself in these studies, so I can gain knowledge and be equipped. The laboratory research exposure has strengthened my investigative and organizational abilities while also becoming familiar with the functions of a medical research department. While the clinical exposure have taught me what it is like to become a nurse, their daily routine, the problem and issue encounter and most importantly how to interact with patients with warmth and encouragement.

Role of the United States Government Essay Example for Free

Role of the United States Government Essay Introduction In the recent past, we cannot deny that the media industry has experienced monumental growth both in terms of revenues and global expansion. Like other businesses, such as banking and manufacturing, the media business has enjoyed globalized operations to expand and grow, becoming one of the biggest conglomerates in the world. World media has proactively employed information technology and advancement in communication to expand their operations spanning several nations and continents. The news sector of world media seems to have captured most audience. Big corporations such as Cable News Network (CNN), Fox News, British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) and CBS dominate the news corporations with a worldwide reach. In the same regard, entertainment media, such as movies and television shows have also experienced immense growth. Companies from the U.S., for instance Walt Disney, Time Warner, News Corporation and New York Times Company are some of the biggest companies in world media market. U.S. firms have been able to pose formidable media entities in print and digital media services. They have also played an active role in asserting the views of the West with respect to the world issues and, therefore, becoming key players in the global media industry. Thus, for such commendable growth to be witnessed, the United States government must have, in one way or another, assisted these firms to grow and expand to the global market. While the U.S. government has always maintained zero interference in media, such policy is by itself is an active role. This essay will discusses the role of the United States government in assisting U.S. firms expand to the international market. Neoliberal Policies of the 1980s One of the most profound roles of the government in allowing growth in media and globalization is the neoliberal policies and stances adopted in the 1980s. The U.S. government with other likeminded governments, such as the United Kingdom, adopted neoliberal policies in the media industry. The term neoliberal is a multifaceted ideology with different meanings under dissimilar circumstances. However, Pickard (2007) argues that the term simply refers to efforts towards privatization, liberalization, deregulation and globalization of an industry. The U.S. government sought to allow the media industry propelling itself as guided by economics and other drivers of business. Privatization Drive Neoliberal polices first allowed and encouraged the privatization of media companies. With regard to this, private investors took up media operations an introduced new ways of running such businesses. Efficiency and competition became the norm and advertising transformed into a target of the competition. Similarly, foreign investors accepted the lure of privately run media corporations and thus created domestic competition that was unrivalled elsewhere in the world. Such competition led to mergers and buyouts; as a result, a few giants were left to compete in the market. Soon, the expansion in the U.S. was only possible in slight increments and, hence, expansion to the global market was paramount. Such magnificent growth in the United States motivated other nations, especially in the European Union, adopt similar policies (McChesney 2001). Open and competitive market gave the U.S. conglomerates an opportunity to invest in other countries. Today, the biggest media firms in the world are the American firms that expanded after privatizations of businesses. Loosening of Restrictions on Ownership Structures Additionally, neoliberal policies reduced restrictions in antitrust laws and cross ownership of business (Yong 2012). This allowed media businesses to undertake both horizontal and vertical integration. Horizontal integration is where a business diversifies its operation by owning subsidiaries of different sectors (Deloitte 2012). For instance, Time Warner is known print media, news networks and movie productions houses. On the other hand, vertical integration can be defined as businesses owning a business with one main stream of business or practice. Thus, loosening of cross ownership restrictions gave room for business to expand to different units and to the global market. A new approach to media business that emerged was the convergence of business. Convergence of business is where two, proportionately big firms, join to share audience as well as brand names (McChesney 2001). A notable case of convergence in the U.S. media industry was the convergence between AOL and Time Warner. While other convergences have also been experienced, the economic results have been mixed. The AOL merger experienced difficult economic conditions that they later preferred to de-converge. In all loosen restrictions on laws has provided for media to explore all sorts of business arrangement. Zero Government Intervention The United States government has always taken pride in itself as one of the most liberal government in the world. The term liberal has been used in the sense that the government adopts a hands-off policy towards the content and the manner in which media houses are run. To this end, the responsibility of ensuring that content and information dissemination is done in a responsible way rests with the media firms. Global Expansion of US Media Industries 5 Such a non regulated media demands that media firms seek professionalism in passing information. Pickard (2007) argues that a media free of government intervention has to go an extra mile in order to gain public acceptance. The U.S. media firm has employed professionalism in reporting and entertaining the public. Democracy and open space that the U.S. government has maintained has allowed media firms expressing varied opinion on different issues. Further, the freedom of expression that has been assured by the constitution and protected by the government has fostered a media that can be termed ‘the peoples’ ‘watchdog’. Thus the government has opened up itself for scrutiny by privately owned media firms in a move that improves on transparency (Reportlinker.org 2012). Such a responsible media has made other nations around the world to envy such media firms. American news networks such as CNN and Fox News broadcast to a lmost every corner of the globe. Many countries have these news broadcasts translated as their differences languages. These firms have been deemed as independent and professional media houses. Such acceptance is due to the good perception that these media firms enjoy back home. The U.S. government, by providing free space, has allowed U.S. media firms being accepted all over the world and, thus, facilitated the expansion. Conclusion From all of the information, it can be concluded that the United States media firms are one of the biggest non-financial conglomerates in the world. Companies such as Vivendi, Sony, AOL Time Warner and Viacom report billions of dollars in revenues. While the firm may appear to operate like other old conglomerates, the companies did not exist two decades ago. The American government played a vital role in fostering media firm expansions. The first change that the government implemented was the introduction of the neoliberal policies that the Global Expansion of US Media Industries 6 government instituted in the 1980s. These policies first allowed private ownership of media firms. Privatization of media firms allowed private investors running media firms and employ sound business practices. Either, privatization of media firms allowed foreign investors seeking stake in these firms and pursuing expansion. Global expansion was a result of massive expansion and competition. The second role hat neoliberal policies played was the loosening of media ownership restrictions. This allowed media houses practicing both vertical and horizontal integration as practiced in other sectors. The final and perhaps the most important role that the government has played is establishing independence of the media. The U.S. government has adopted a policy where the government has fully eliminated itself from the media business. Independence of media has created public trust within the country and beyond. This allows media houses broadcasting and disseminating information in the regions other than the United States. References Deloitte 2012, Where the true growth lies; the market for digital media, Deloitte ConsultingLLP. McChesney, R 2001, Global media, neoliberalism imperialism, viewed 22 October 2012, . Pickard, V 2007, Neoliberal visions and revisions in global communications policy from NWICO to WSIS, Journal of Communication Inquiry, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 118-139. Reportlinker.org 2012, Media industry: market research reports, statistics and analysis, viewed 22 October 2012, http://www.reportlinker.com/ci02088/Media.html. Yong, D 2012, The political Eeconomies of media: the transformation of the global media industries, viewed 22 October 2012, http://www.bloomsburyacademic.com/view/PoliticalEconomiesMedia_9781849664264/c hapter-ba-9781849664264-chapter-008.xml.

Plastic Surgery Teenagers

Plastic Surgery Teenagers Plastic surgery among teenagers- Is it worth the risk? Introduction The word plastic origins from Greek plastikos, which means â€Å"to mold† or â€Å"to give form†. Plastic surgery is a special type of procedure which comprises a persons appearance and physical functional abilities. Most teens go for plastic surgery because of certain reasons. Some claims it is the impact of the society where ‘ugly people will be discriminate. While some are due to the low self-esteem and the result of body imaging. Nevertheless, public will commonly ask is it worth the risk for teenagers to take plastic surgery in such young age? , Is plastic surgery safe? And how can teenagers make a right choice of taking plastic surgeries? Therefore, this research paper will be giving a view at the history of plastic surgery, reasons why teenagers undergo plastic surgery, the advantages and risk of taking plastic surgery and finally conclude how can a teenage make a correct decision of taking plastic surgery. Types of plastic surgery Since years, plastic surgeons have been working hard to improve patients self esteem and appearance through two main types of plastic surgery. Reconstructive surgery Reconstructive surgery is a procedure which is done to correct or improve defects on parts of body either on appearance or function, including physical defects such as cleft lips and palates, traumatic surgeries like burns, and skin and tissue damages caused by disease or injury (Health Encyclopedia 2008). Cosmetic surgery Cosmetic surgery is also known as aesthetic surgery, a surgery that can alter unattractive facial features or parts of body which a person is not satisfied with. Non surgical cosmetic surgeries like the usage of special laser to remove scars are very common among people. . Surgical cosmetic procedures such as breast implantation, rhinoplasty, and liposuction are also acceptable by the society nowadays (Hirsch 2006). History of plastic surgery According to Backstein (2005), the first documented reconstructive surgery was done in 600 B.C in ancient India. Where physicians in India started to explore skills on nose repairing which is now known as rhinoplasty, results from the nose amputation as one of the Indian penal system. However, the force driving most of the plastic surgeries developments is war, when the First World War begins during the late 1800s and early 1900s (Schnur 2007). During that time, plastic surgeries are used as treatments for injurious facial wounds such as shattered jaws, blown-off nose and lips and also gaping skull wounds causes by modern weapons. The development of plastic surgery started to shoot when the United States got involve in the war in the year 1917. After the war ends, new and innovative reconstructive surgeries are desperately needed as the discharge soldiers with awful facial deformity are not able to acquire a job, find a wife or just walk down the streets like normal persons. Statistics of plastic surgery According to ASPS (2007), a total of 11.8 million cosmetic procedures were done in 2007, experiencing an increase as much as 7 % from the year 2006. Non surgical cosmetic surgery or minimally-invasive cosmetic procedures covers nearly 10 millions of the total procedure done whereas surgical cosmetic covers 1.8 million cases. In 11.8 million cases, 0.2 million of these cases are done on teenagers around 13 to 19 years old. The top five surgical cosmetic surgery which teenagers have done is Rhinoplasty (38,886 procedures), breast reduction in male teenagers (16,400 procedures), breast augmentation (10,500 procedures on teenagers of age 18 to 19), otoplasty (8,062 procedures) and liposuction (4,950 procedures). Whereas Laser hair removal (67,523 procedures), laser treatment for leg veins (22,831 procedures), laser skin resurfacing (13,890 procedures), microdermabrasion (11,260 procedures) and Botox (11,023 procedures) are the top five non surgical cosmetic surgery done on teenagers (ASPS 2007). Total 224,658 cosmetic procedures were done on teenagers in the year 2007, which is slightly more than the year 2003 which have 223000 cosmetic procedures (Zuckerman 2005). Reasons why teenagers undergo plastic surgery Low self esteem or self-consciousness Teens think that plastic surgery can help them improve their self-confidence (Zuckerman 2005).Teenagers, normally think of plastic surgery when they found out themselves are not as good as the others .According to Melanie (2008), A girl named Wohl felt self conscious of her body, comparing it to her friends who were filling out their bathing suits on the beach and Dr Greenburg says that there are girls and women who are overwhelmed by the fact that they do not have breasts like their friends do. So, most of them dont play gymnastics or go on dates just because they cannot wear certain clothing, and these things happens almost every day. This two examples shows that teenagers use to compare themselves to their friends of the same age or even celebrities who had a wonderful appearance, this comparison results in low self esteem in teenagers and may lead them to a pessimistic life. Peer Pressures According to Hirsh (2006), teens view plastic surgery as a way to fit in and look acceptable to friends and peers. Friends play an important role in teenagers life; teenagers spent most of their time with friends and schoolmates. As a result, teens may have a thought that they want what their friends have so that they feel comfortable to go along with them. For an example, If most of the friends of a teenager have undergo plastic surgery and feel satisfy with it, then he/she will normally follow the trend, without understanding the risk that they may be taking. Other than that, even schoolmates could be the biggest reason why teenagers turn up for plastic surgery, especially in image driven college. Parent Encouragement Nowadays, it is very common that parents giving plastic surgeries as their childs 18th birthday or graduation gifts. Although the cost of plastic surgery are high, but parents are willing to pay just to make their child look better. â€Å"Parents now, not only scare that their kids will be left behind academically but also aesthetically. Parents make their child get plastic surgery,† this is the opinion of Dr. Shim Hyung Bo, a plastic surgeon in Korea (Ko 2002). Most parents, who had undergone plastic surgery, will also encourage their children to do so as they are satisfy with the results. Dermatology times show that some parents desperately want liposuction or facial surgery for their teens. Advantages of Plastic Surgery Improve self esteem Studies found that body-image satisfaction improve after plastic surgery (Zukerman 2005). Teenage who has inheritance defects, such as having birth marks or big hips, might feel pessimistic with their abnormal appearance receiving disgust look from friends or even other people. Plastic surgery is a way for them to build up their self-confidence, as cruel comments towards them will reduce. Healey (1999) says that breast implants boosted self-confidence of a women name Kent. Self esteem is built in people who face difficulties in their life, due to the natural appearance, they had difficulties when it comes to social with people and they get teased. Plastic surgery can help them get rid of bad names and cruel comments from people. Correct Physical Defects For teenagers who have natural birth defects such as cleft lips and palates and having breast that is too big, they might not be leading a normal life like we do. Not only with natural birth defects, teenagers who experience serious accident or burns which may ruin their facial and body appearance will also have the same problem. They usually face problems such as difficulty of eating or even moving around. At this moment, plastic surgery will be appropriate for these people to help them lead a normal life like us. Mann (2001) also provide evidence, Sixteen year old Kimberlys triple D breasts may have gotten the boys attention, but this gave her many health problems as she will feel pain even when she walks, and having neck pain when she jogs. A breast reduction changes her life, now she can exercise freely without experiencing any difficulties. This evidence shows that plastic surgery cannot be treated as making something fake over the body as it helps people to overcome certain dif ficulties in daily life. Disadvantages and Risk of Plastic Surgery Physical Most studies show that there are risks behind every plastic surgery from minor effects such as permanent scarring to serious effect which some will even lead to death. There are concerns about plastic surgery on teenagers as their body is still maturing. Infections are major problem faced by teenagers, especially in the first three months after having their plastic surgery. At this moment, they may feel painful and also suffers from itchiness. Other than that, there are cases that show serious effects of plastic surgery. Marinelli (2001) says that she lost her daughter to liposuction, where her daughter, Lisa Marie went for a liposuction and end up having damage in her vein and the doctor tied her bandage too tightly cutting off her circulation. This shows that plastic surgery will cause negative effects if it is not done properly and have enough safety procedures. The seriousness of the procedures can be seen as this should be one of the concerns people should make before making dec isions of taking plastic surgeries. Mental Stress When things do not turn to its right face, mostly teenagers might experience personal regret. For teenagers who are not satisfied with the results, may end up with committing suicide or having another plastic surgery in order to correct it. There is a very good example, which was Michael Jackson who had almost ruined his face to plastic surgery. Instead of having a pair of eyes and a nose that looks like his sister Janet Jackson, and also the lips that looks like Latoya Jackson who is also one of his sisters, he now having a funny combination on his face with a totally destroyed nose. He too went for lightening of his skin. On the other hand, teenagers might be facing the addiction of having plastic surgery. Teenagers also might have to overcome the trauma of having surgical procedures. Before and after photo of Michael Jackson Source: www.bluestarchronicles.com Cost Cost of plastic surgery is not cheap Just a simple cheek implant will cost about $500 to $1500. Popular surgery such as rhinoplasty, liposuction and breast implants will most probably cost above $1200 (Healey 1999). Teenagers may not afford the cost of having plastic surgery, which cause them taking part-time job, or even burdening their parents. Most plastic surgery cost are not covered by insurance, when anything goes wrong, there will be an additional cost for repairing it, especially facial procedures. How can teenagers make a right choice of taking plastic surgery? Firstly, Teenagers own desire for plastic surgical improvement must be clearly expressed, she/he must have a goal of realistic and also have sufficient maturity before she can head to plastic surgery. Second, Parents should have a counseling session face to face with their children to know what their children really want. When the above task is completed, and yet teenagers still insist of having plastic surgery, contact a qualified plastic surgeon and have another counseling session by physiological test to qualified teenagers to have plastic surgery. According to Mann 2001, there are certain characteristic of teenagers who are poor candidates for plastic surgery such as teenagers who are encourage by friends and families when they are not interested in plastic surgery. Teenagers have the tendency to follow trends, they usually listen to what their peers says and just follow them without noticing any risks. They should undergo different section of counseling before making decision as this will affect their whole life. Conclusion Teenagers usually make decision to take plastic surgery before considering the risk of it. Most of them are just immature enough to think about certain factors which may cause them a life-long effect. According to this research report, the risk of plastic surgery is too big for teenagers who have just step into their life. In conclusion, it does not worth the risk for a teen to have plastic surgery in the early age just to improve his/her appearance. As they have to consider the risk if the surgery goes wrong, that will be a life-long .

Legalize Prostitution Essay -- Its Time for Legalized Prostitution

One of the oldest legal debates comes from one of the world's oldest profession, prostitution, there is no denying that the sex industry has taken international dimensions and is recognized as an economic motor for many countries. As countries around the world debate the merits of legalizing or at least decriminalizing prostitution. The following questions should be addressed. Would legalization reduce some of the inequalities and abuse suffered by the women involved? On the other hand, by legitimizing prostitution, would society reverse decades of work to promote human rights and improve the status of women? On the surface, this looks like a rehashing of a timeless debate. However, it is not. The question is no longer about morality -- is prostitution a vice and are those involved evil or somehow lacking in judgement? Now the question should be asked: is prostitution a form of exploitation to be abolished or an occupation to be regulated? To get a feel for what is going on and how opinions are changing, one should look to the headlines. In the Christian Science Monitor, an ex-call girl is challenging Florida State laws on prostitution. In Amsterdam, the "First World Whore's Congress" takes place. Prostitutes from around the world came together to make a statement of solidarity. In the Times Higher Education Supplement, John Taylor, Chief executive of Sheffield Britain 's Chamber of Trade, says, "You can't eradicate it. All you can do is drive it underground. I am a realist. It's better that it should be controlled." These are all separate incidences where some kind of regulation, decriminalization, or legalization of prostitution is being debated. By decriminalizing prostitution, laws would protect prostitutes, enable ... ...Social Reformer: Commercial Vice in the Progressive Era. Ed Charles Rosenberg and Carroll Smith-Rosenberg. New York: Arno Press, 1974. A report of the Vice Commission of Minneapolis to His Honor, James C. Haynes and of a report on existing conditions with recommendations to the Honorable Rudolph Blankenburg, mayor of Philadelphia, 1974. Davis, Nanette J. Prostitution: An International Handbook Trends, Problems, and Policies. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1993 "This handbook fills a significant gap in understanding prostitution in multicultural terms." Roberts, Nickie. Whores in History: Prostitution in Western Society London, HarperCollins, 1992 This book gives the history of prostitution dating back to Ancient Greece and continues through to the Twentieth century and the new movement to legalize prostitution and gain rights for the prostitutes.

ETs And UFOs :: essays research papers

ET’s & UFO’s   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nearly 600 years before Christ was born, the biblical prophet Ezekiel saw something unusual, very unusual, that he tried to explain; “And I looked and behold a whirlwind came out of the north, a great cloud, and a fire enfolding itself. Also out of the midst thereof came the likeness of four living creatures.'; Since then, several similar Unidentified Flying Objects (UFO’s) are reported around the world. The Romans, the Greeks, moreover the great emperor Charlemagne saw it… saw what? For Christians, there is no doubt about it; Ezekiel described angels coming down on Earth bringing messages from God. However, this is not the only possible explanation. Where scientists see a complex natural phenomenon, others will see a “wheel in the middle of a wheel'; simply as an extra-terrestrial vehicle observing our planet Earth.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The movie ‘UFO’s, It Has Begun’ seems to be persuading enough to prove that extra-terrestrials do visit Earth. Burnt grass, cattle mutilations, capturing aliens, photographs, strange powder; all this evidence is presented in the movie. Unfortunately, most of it is incomplete, and there is nothing that could explain the sightings, besides, incredible film techniques and mysterious music highlights the obvious bias of the movie. On the other hand, 96 per cent of all the sightings can be explained by today’s science, that are identified as Venus, the Moon, reflections of light, electric charges, and weather balloons. The remaining 4 per cent maybe flying saucers which scientists deny the idea. Truly, if we think about the unimaginable time and energy needed for such an interstellar journey, it seems that visits of ET life forms to earth are quite unlikely.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Stanley Miller showed in 1953 that organic molecules can be made if ammonia, water vapour and hydrogen were irradiated. Therefore, scientists do have a strong belief that ET’s exist. An American astronomer, Frank Drake, tried to detail the probability of life elsewhere in the galaxy, and according to him, 10 per cent of nearly 400 billion stars in our galaxy are similarly like our sun. Therefore about 40 billion are possibly life-giving stars, and of these, maybe only 4 billion are like our Earth. The remaining 90 per cent are either too hot or too cold. Of course life and intelligence are not the same, and that means that our Earth is surrounded by at least 400 galactic neighbours.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Later on, humans decided to launch signals into space with modern technology, in hope to make contact with aliens.

The Count of Monte Cristo :: The Count of Monte Cristo

The Count of Monte Cristo    The Count of Monte Cristo is an interesting tale about a sailor named Dantes who changes his whole persona in order to get back at his enemies. Dantes becomes a number of different people in order to carry out his plans. The changes Dantes went through made his different stages as a sailor and later as a mastermind of vengeance seem like day and night. Although Dantes seems very naà ¯ve at the beginning of the story, he becomes very sharp during his stay in jail. By the amount of detail and preciseness in his plans, Dantes as the Count can be looked as a mastermind. Much of Dantes’ knowledge comes from the old, thought to be crazy, priest named Faria that taught him in prison. Faria was also responsible for much of Dantes character change due to his great power of reasoning. Because Faria had given him a treasure and a hunger for vengeance, Dantes was willing and had enough money and power to carry out revenge on his enemies.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Faria is the first person that opens up Dantes’ eyes so that he can see who his enemies really are. When Dantes first meets Faria, he is overjoyed because he hasn’t seen another person, other than the guard, for years. Faria reaches Dantes by means of a tunnel that took him 3 years to dig with his makeshift tools. Even though he had limited resources, Faria made matches, a lantern, a ladder, and a knife. Faria hid all these tools behind two separate rocks in his cell. All of these things show how smart Faria really was.   Faria’s intelligence is what helps Dantes make his transformation. â€Å"There is a maxim of jurisprudence which says,   ‘If you wish to discover the guilty person, first find out to whom the crime might be useful.’ To whom might your disappearance be useful?† This quote makes it apparent to Dantes that it wasn’t just a big accident that he went to jail. When Dantes foun d this out, you could see an immediate change in his character.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   After Dantes gets the treasure that Faria gave him, he starts to put his plot for revenge into action. The first thing Dantes does after he gets the treasure is to change into the Count of Monte Cristo.

Purpose and Time Management

When purpose is not defined, abuse/misuse is inevitable' life would be lived to the fullest potential if its purpose is well defined. It does not only stop at defining the purpose of your existence, it is way more than that, you have got to have a ‘clear purpose'. A purpose driven life would definitely be an new of all eyes, such a life would affect and impart others positively and so also would be success personified.A life with a clear purpose would readily surmount challenges and turn them into gold mines, how you might want to ask? When you discover the purpose of your existence and stay glued to it, you have not only succeeded in winning your first battle in life, so also you have succeeded in separating yourself from the crowd, in that you know where your passion lies, you have discovered your potentials/ strengths/ capabilities and you would channel all you have got: your inner drive/ will power/ passion/ vision towards maximizing your strengths.Defining a clear purpose gets you only half way, you need stay within the confines of your purpose to get to the dream land, whereby oh can replicate success bearing in mind John Maxwell nugget- ‘ success without succession is a failure' .There are essential ingredients in staying aligned to the right path: focus would make you strong while weathering the storm of life because success comes at a price, good ideals will not make you lack encouragement while the struggle lasts because you are on a cause you believe in and it is a prize worth dying for, this in turn would make you resilient and you will never relent until you achieve your set goals. Time management is of most importance if you desire to leave your foot on the sand of time, you have got to get your priorities right, be assertive and do things as and when due.The only resource God has given all creatures in equal proportion is time knowing full well that we vary in potentials, motivation, encouragement to say but a few. If you maximize you r time to the fullest and see procrastination not Just as a thief of time but also as an enemy of destiny and progress, then you would not allow this vital resource escape from your grasp and management. Proper scheduling skills is important, coupled with adequate discipline, you will not allow events and circumstances to plan your time but vice versa will be the case, if and only if you have got the assassination that whatever takes your time, makes your life. Genius is 10% aspiration and 90% perspiration†. Time management requires discipline, focus, resilience, and it is painstaking, that I am not disputing, but with these inherent attributes, your equation of success is almost complete because the afore mentioned re core values of success and would help you up the ante of your accomplishment/ breakthrough/emergence/ victory by keying into this principle of management.Show me a man with adept time management skills and there you have got a man who can control all the other r esources required for success. A clear purpose plus proper time management will set you far above the crowd, time. Both run simultaneously, better put hand-in-hand and not independent of each other if ‘awesome success' that would bless and change lives even after you are long gone is all you crave for.

Motivational Theories and Factors Essay

Stress and conflict in the workplace can cause major emotional and physical damage to the facility and workers. In the past, there have been reports of tragedies caused by disgruntled workers who may have clocked in with a gun in hand. We are going to look into ‘three motivational theories including the relationship of stress and conflict in relation to individual motivations. ’ Many factors can motivate employees while at work. Some of the motivating factors could include the structure of the lives of the employees before they became employed. Personality is a big factor in employee performance and motivation. Someone that is an introvert may not have the same mind set as an extrovert. This will definitely dictate how that employee behaves and responds to directives at work. Turmoil has happened in recent years in workplace settings. Let us take a closer look at a tragic workplace incident. Omar Thornton was a thirty-four year old black delivery driver in Manchester Connecticut. On August 4, 2010, he signed his resignation papers in front of witnesses after he saw video footage of him stealing beer from his company. Before leaving the room he reportedly pulled a gun and started randomly shooting workers he came across. In the end, he killed eight, leaving two wounded before he killed himself. Thornton’s relatives and girlfriend said he had been harassed in a racial manner. This story is not the only one we have seen in the news. It proves that motivation can be a source of good behavior or negative. In Thornton’s case he was motivated by what he thought to be racially aimed mistreatment from his white co workers. This caused him to become stressed and it reached a deadly point of conflict, a him against them scenario. In the real world, no employee should allow their job stress to motivate them to take lives or destroy property. Stress can lead to serious consequences, whether it becomes a health issue or affects performance in a negative way. If employees are in constant conflict over management issues, pay working conditions or other concerns, this can lead to low moral among the employee congregation. It won’t matter if all employees are involved in the struggle, dissatisfaction can spread like sand into each individual’s boundaries. It will be the main topic around the water cooler each day. The job for management is to keep employees motivated in the right direction for the good of the company and its productivity. Management can help decrease the incidents of job dissatisfaction by following these steps. Positive reinforcement should always follow an employees job well done. When problems or disagreements arise the discipline should fit the crime. All persons who live up to their expected performance should be treated in a fair respectful manner. Goals should always be well pronounced so that no employee will say they didn’t know what was expected of them. Some jobs may need to be restructured to generate better productivity. All employees who perform in an acceptable capacity should be rewarded fro their compliance. Increased pay or a truck load of benefits may not always be at the top of the list when it comes to employee motivation. People want to feel needed and appreciated on the job. They want to know that their work is worth something. So, to decrease the incidents of stress, unfairness which can lead to conflict and disgruntled or dissatisfied employees, companies need to place value on employees who are doing what they are asked. When conflicts arise, there should be a procedure in place to allow every voice to be heard. When I am involved in stressful work situations, I bring it to the attention of my department manager. I do not attack an individual, I attack the cause of the problem. I follow the company’s guidelines for resolution, it has always worked for me. Since I started this class, I have learned that positive external motivation can also decrease or prevent stress in the workplace. So there should be a plan already in place to head off negative incidents.

First Draft

Moreover, it saves time and healthcare expenditure. This essay aims to discuss the comparisons between two projects, in Cambodia-partners Telekinetic project and a remote volcanic group of Islands In South Atlantic Ocean-Telemeter comes home. To begin with, recent studies illustrate that there are many benefits of using telekinetic, especially for the least developed environments like Tristan dad Chunk and several distant places in Cambodia. It can be used effectively via 24-hour satellite-internet connection in Tristan De Chunk; first of all, It Is helpful for doctors to monitor patients' conditions and even for surgery.According to a foreman of medication at IBM named Richard Baklava, â€Å"What we are starting to see now is a patient-doctor model. † It is presently ordinary that physicians send patients' information such as X-rays in a computer program version to other experts. For example, If Dry. Van De Mere requires advising specialists, he can function It over a video l ink. As the technology amends, a mechanical-liked operation system called Dad Vinci was used to remove a gall-bladder on a patient in the year of 2001. (The Economist, 2008, p. 3) In Cambodia, telekinetic is typically used In provinces In some resource-poor areas the same as In South Atlantic Ocean, too. The Cambodia villagers, especially those who live In Roving and Ban Lung, have been very grateful for the provision of internet access. To be able to send and obtain data, the local populations need solar and generator- powered satellite dishes, wireless technology and mobile systems to approach. Furthermore, telemeter mostly works on some sicknesses like malaria and diarrhea that are likely to be occurred on kids in the remote Cambodia.On the other hand, without the motormen who take responsibilities on delivering patients' information to physicians, it is almost impossible for the villagers to know what recklessly goes wrong with their health. (Hellmann, 2005, Internet). In other words, with the aids of the internet, telekinetic has cured and saved so many people's lives. Taking the ill patients at Roving in Preach Viewer province as an example, if they want to visit the doctors at Phonon Penn city, they have to spend time and fees on traveling to receive better treatments or Just to have simple health check-ups.As regards to a Cambodia report, It states that almost 80% of the residents derived a great satisfaction from the resistance involved and that they would be willing to foot 1 OFF hey are not required a direct visit to the specialty hospitals. (Heinlein, 200, internet) Similarly, Tristan dad Chunk, does not have an airstrip to provide clinical heath care for urgent situations, therefore, it would be a difficulty to contact other places in the world face to face in approximately one week.

Define Industrial Revolution

Explain the problems faced by historians in defining the term Industrial Revolution. Historians face many problems when it comes to using the term â€Å"Industrial Revolution†. There is much debate and difficulty when is comes to defining it. It opens up many questions and there are many contributing factors and areas to consider. Can it be considered a revolution when it occurred over quite a long period of time? When did it start? What were the causes of it? Many historians have differing opinions on each question. A revolution can be defined as â€Å"a sudden or grand change† (oxford dictionairies. om). Wordiq. com defined the Industrial revolution as â€Å"the massive social[->0], economic[->1], and technological[->2] change in the 18th century[->3] and 19th century[->4] within Great Britain,† This indicates that it was a grand change but not a sudden one. It was spread out over two centuries. There are two approaches that historians either support. The first is the revolutionary approach. Writers, such as Deane and Cole (1967) saw the industrial revolution as a period of great expansion, and they said that there certainly was a rapid growth of production in leading sectors. They therefore supported the revolutionary approach. Rostow (1960) used the term â€Å"take off† when defining the industrial revolution. He believed that there was a take off phase within the country at the beginning of the industrial revolution. The other approach is the gradualist approach. This approach obviously indicates that ii wasn’t has rapid and debates that it was more gradual. Crafts (1985) believed that it was a time of slow improvement therefore supporting the gradualist approach. He believed it was slower, particularly socially; standards of living and wages did not improve. He also claimed that modernisation in Britain was sluggish, because demand and consumption only grew very slow during the claimed period. Wrigley (2004) is also of the gradualist school of thought. He argues that fundamental changes did occur in certain areas but that it wasn’t seen all over the country. A further debate concerns when the industrial revolution started. Most historians agree that it occurred during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century but no one date can actually be pinpointed as to when it all commenced. So was it the causes that started the industrial revolution and what were they? Factories were being built and they were certainly on the up rise during the late eighteenth century. Cotton and textiles in general moved more to the factory setting and away from the domestic system. Hobsbawn (1968) is quoted as saying â€Å"that whoever says industrial revolution says cotton†. Foster (1974) claims that the revolution began because of factories being built. To counteract Foster, Rule (1986) said that factories had existed before 1750 in isolated examples, which was pre-industrial revolution. This still doesn’t explain why the number of factories increased during the industrial revolution and whether they were the cause of the revolution. Another possible explanation as to why the industrial revolution occurred is that it was during a time when inventions were popular. John Kay invented the Flying Wheel in 1733; this speeded up the process of weaving. In 1765 James Hargreaves invented the Spinning Jenny; that made spinning more efficient. They were still manual items and they took time to be introduced to manufacturers and potential factory owners. Methods of powering them were invented next. Richard Arkwright was first to use a water frame to mechanise spinning. He opened up a factory in 1771 and was able to produce material at a much larger scale. They certainly contributed to the increase in factories at the time but did they cause the revolution? Other historians believe it was steam power that caused the revolution. Inventors James Watt and Thomas Newcomen introduced the concept of steam to power machinery. They used coal to produce the steam. This made the machinery more efficient and increased production furthermore. Factories were also able to move away from sources of water and nearer places were coal was present. This method was put into action around 1785 when it was used to operate a spinning mill. So both water and coal and their use played a vital part in the revolution. Regardless of what caused the industrial revolution there were some great innovations that contributed to its onset; but do they help us define the industrial revolution? Rule (1986) states that â€Å"to most people the essence of an industrial revolution lies in the transformation through technology of manufacturing and it’s reorganisation into the new factory mode. There are plenty of other areas to discuss about the industrial revolution, which can open up further debate. Other areas to consider include why it started in Britain first, did it occur in other industries? What changed socially for the people? Population increased rapidly over the period discussed. Did the industrial revolution occur to meet their n eeds? The debates can go on and on and thus explains why historians will always face problems when it comes to defining the term ‘the industrial revolution’. Bibliography Crafts, Nicholas F. R. 1985) British Economic Growth During the Industrial Revolution. New York: Oxford University Press .Deane and Cole (1962) cited in Wrigley E. A. (2004) Poverty, Progress and Population. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Foster (1974) Class Struggle and the Industrial Revolution. Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London .Hobsbawn (1968) Industry and Empire. Penguin group, London. Industrial revolution. http//www. wordiq. com/definition/industrial_revolution. Date accessed 14/10/2011 Revolution definition. http://oxforddictionaries. com/definition/revolution. Date accessed 14/10/2011 Rostow (1960) cited in Wrigley E. A. (2004) Poverty, Progress and Population. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Rule (1986) The labouring Classes in Early Industrial England 1750-1850. Longman Group, Harlow Wrigley E. A. (2004) Poverty, Progress and Population. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge [->0] – http://www. wordiq. com/definition/Social [->1] – http://www. wordiq. com/definition/Economic [->2] – http://www. wordiq. com/definition/Technology [->3] – http://www. wordiq. com/definition/18th_century [->4] – http://www. wordiq. com/definition/19th_century

The House of Lords decision in Bolitho (Bolitho

The House of Lords decision in Bolitho (Bolitho â€Å"The House of Lords decision in Bolitho (Bolitho v City and Hackney HA [1998] AC 232) is a belated and welcome departure from judicial deference to medical opinion but there is still too much deference and more has to be done†. Critically comment on the above statement. In any negligence claim, in order to succeed the claimant must show that he was owed a duty of care by the defendant, that the duty of care was breached, and that the breach of duty caused the damage complained of. [1] Kennedy and Grubb comment that the duty of care arises ‘from a request for medical services by an individual and a consequent undertaking by a doctor [or other health care professional] to provide these services. [2] Margaret Brazier has observed: ‘[a] patient claiming against his doctor †¦ usually has little difficulty in establishing that the defendant owes him a duty of care’. [3] The second stage of a clinical negligence action is to show that the doctor has br eached his standard of care. In any negligence claim, the standard of care is set by law and is an objective standard. [4] Words such as reasonable or responsible are normally attributed to such a standard. Such adjectives are not normally equated with a practice that is ‘common’ or ‘accepted’. With respect to medical negligence claims however, the law has not taken such a view. The case of Bolam v Friern Hospital Management Committee [5] has established that ‘a doctor is not guilty of negligence if he has acted in accordance with a practice accepted as proper by a responsible body of medical men skilled in that particular art’. The Bolam case was a decision at first instance, but was later approved by the House of Lords in Whitehouse v Jordan . [6] The courts have continuously taken a protectionist view of the medical profession in clinical negligence claims. Jackson acknowledges that this could be due to the complexity of medical eviden ce, but it could also be explained by a sense of professional solidarity. [7] The medical profession has been highly regarded in society, and the courts have also expressed their respect. In Wilsher v Essex AHA , [8] Mustill LJ comments: â€Å"For all we know, [The doctors in this case] far surpassed on numerous occasions the standard of reasonable care. Yet it is said that for one lapse they (and not just their employers) are to be held liable in damages. Nobody could criticise the mother for doing her best to secure her son’s financial future. But has not the law taken a wrong turning if an action of this kind is to succeed?† It is interesting to note the difference in policy in cases involving medical professionals. In other negligence cases, the courts have commented that the function of the law of negligence (and the law of torts in general), is to compensate injured parties for loss. The judiciary have had no moral objections to awarding damages in cases where they can apply the ‘deepest pocket’ principle. Thus, in Nettleship v Weston , [9] Lord Denning had no problems in asserting that a learner driver would be held to the same standard of a competent driver (competent would be ascertained on an objective basis by the court), as the driver would be insured and thus, the law will award damages from the deepest pocket. Yet, there has been considerable hesitation in holding doctors negligent for public policy reasons, despite the fact that doctors will be also be insured. Furthermore, doctors working in the NHS will generally not be personally held accountable for the negligence – the action is brought against the Trust vicariously and NHS Trusts in England and Wales are part of an ‘insurance like’ scheme, the Clinical Negligence Scheme for Trusts (CNST) administered by the NHS Litigation Authority.

Company Law and Companies Act Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Company Law and Companies Act - Case Study Example Alistair Darling, the Secretary of State of the department of trade and industry in the UK had stated that the act would be implemented before the year 2009. However by the end of 2007, most of the provisions had have been put into effect. Therefore, the Company Act 2006 is being implemented step by step. One of the important provisions that are being implemented in the Company Act 2006 is Derivative Claims. Derivative claims allow the shareholders to act against the board of directors on behalf of the company. This has been a bold step by the Parliament of the United Kingdom since it was not possible for the shareholders to have this level of control the company. The objective of the Parliament is therefore to make the legislation pertaining to the company law which is more flexible and more modern1. Thus the shareholder can bring forward a legal claim against the director of the company, if the shareholder has a valid reason to do so. Generally, the reason behind shareholders actio n against director is a wrong committed by the director against the company. The sections of the Companies Act 2006 are sections 260 to sections 264. ... These sections make it necessary for the shareholders to ask permission from the court for continuing their action against the directors. The shareholders require basing their action against the director on grounds such as proposed or actual action or action by a director which includes breach of trust or a breach of duty against the company, or default and negligence towards the expected duties of a director. The proceedings are usually brought not in the name of the shareholder but in the name of the company. Furthermore, the claim can be brought not only against the director, but also against the shadow director or a former director of the company. Geoffrey Morse(2007, p.5) states 'Part11 identifies a procedure whereby a member of the company may seek to institute a derivative claim ( in England and Wales or northern Ireland) or derivative proceedings(In Scotland), and actions seeking relief on behalf of the company in respect to a wrong done to it. Henceforward, derivative actions may be brought only under this part or as a result of a court order under the unfair prejudice provisions of the Act. However, not all wrongs done to the company may be the subject of a derivative action under Part 11. Only acts or omissions by directors may give rise to derivative actions and where those acts or omissions involve negligence, default, breach of duty or breach of trust.' Derivative Claims Derivative claims is a process which can be divided into two broad stages. First of all, the shareholders need to show they are acting on behalf of the company and don't have vested interests. Additionally, courts need to ensure that are conforming to the guidelines or the provisions laid down by the Companies Act

Industrial Revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Industrial Revolution - Essay Example d politics, thereby stimulating varied other disempowered and marginalized sections of the society to strive for empowerment and a fair share in the national income. Capital emerged as the pivotal factor of production. This led to a greater polarization of opinion on both sides that are the labor and the capitalists, thereby both sections getting more organized and politicized. One negative thing about Industrial Revolution was that it envisaged earth as an external resource to serve as a fodder for the industrial engine of growth. In the long run it not only resulted in an irreversible depletion of natural resources and the commensurate pollution, but led to the contemporary challenges like global warming. There is no denying the fact that the map set by Industrial Revolution is not absolutely relevant in the current times marked by the emergence of new priorities like sustainable development and corporate social

Consumer behavior theory to develop a sound marketing plan for a Essay

Consumer behavior theory to develop a sound marketing plan for a hypothetical product or service - Essay Example This maximum capacity of plant production especially if the demand is high cannot completely compete with other paint producing company. This remains one of the big challenges of the company that it takes into consideration at present time. Aside from continuing innovation of its products, Paint X Corporation continuous to aim for strong market penetration. Although situated in London, Paint X Corporation is providing quality paints in the international market. It is in this regard that the market segmentation variables are needed to be analysed based on the international level. Paint X Corporation is supplying paints across Europe, Asia and through out the entire world. Based on this consideration, it cannot be denied that the company’s consideration of its segmentation variables is a bit complicated. Everything needs to be designed based on a universal approach on geographic, demographic, psychographic and behavioralistic consideration. On geographic consideration, various competing paint manufacturers in Europe are good reasons to create more innovative quality paints. This is clear when cost of raw materials was considered in order to compete with multinational companies (Renart and Pares, 1991). The world is such a huge market. Around 6 billion people today are living in the world (Sheffield, 1998). This is a potential mark et considering that these people need shelter and quality way of life. Paints are part of visual effects. Visual effects are said to influence people’s perceived usability, satisfaction and pleasure (Moshagen and Thielsch, 2010). Colors from paints bring decorative appeal (Smith et al., 2003). Paints are used everywhere and this only implies higher significant acceptance of these products. Maslow believed that humans have five hierarchies of needs and these are physiological, safety, social, esteem and self-actualization (Robins and Timothy, 2010). In the event that the first need is substantially satisfied,

Has neoliberalism impacted men and women differently Essay - 1

Has neoliberalism impacted men and women differently - Essay Example The economic, political and cultural realities in throughout the globe have been undergoing radical transformation for the last more than three decades. The shifts towards neoliberalism have converged the concepts of liberalism with the market ideologies and principles. It has indeed been crucial to the extent it exerted a crucial impact in altering the gender geographies in many parts of the world. However it has also brought in new issues, new modes of regulating the selves and subjectivities, new ideological apparatuses stressing upon certain representations and exemplars, lifestyles, culminating in hegemonic forms of masculinity and femininity, and eventually the hegemony of market itself. A significant platform through which this mode of â€Å"neoliberal governmentality has been understood and discussed is the very idea of instrumentality, as Butler, Joan Scott and others have done† (Gill and Schraff, 2011: 5). ... technological devices have not only not eradicated the traditional structures of inequality but also have exacerbated the complexities through which the former structures are reproduced and/or operationalised in albeit new fashions. The two broad epistemological and pragmatic fields where the structures of inequality, subjugation and subjectivisation are constantly articulated are one, political and cultural and two economic and the global circulation of capital (Butler, 2004; Gill 2009; Gill and Schraff 2011). For the last more than three decades scholars and activists around the world have pointed at the varying schemes of capital at the worldwide level and the surging motives of profit relying chiefly on the availability of labour and, sometimes, resources from the so called Third world nations. This global paradigm is further conditioned within the gender realities that persist within these geo-political terrains to the extent women and children, especially from lower classes, ha ve continued to remain the primary victims of these neoliberal, neocolonial tactics (Nash and Safa 1976; Nash and Fernhdez-Kelly 1983; Leacock and Safa 1986). These gender realities were invariably products of a global economic circuits that was and still is western centric and a western centred discourse of human rights according to which these geo-political locales, on the one hand, were depicted as having highly degenerated human rights situation and, on the other hand, opened new areas for further socio-economic interventions (Nash and Safa 1976; Nash and Fernhdez-Kelly 1983; Leacock and Safa 1986). The relationship between the rich and poor in terms of an imbalance between the global west and the rest (Hall, 1994) is another major paradigm where the question of gender is hijacked and

Texas Government analytical research paper Essay

Texas Government analytical research paper - Essay Example Some would say that it is fear that makes them forgo any sense of reason, or rational, when they decide that this is their only best option in their quest to enter the country through any means. Through the mainstream news media, the immigration debate is a hotly discussed topic and is ever more so during election time. Observation would note that the states that see the biggest influx of immigration include California, Arizona, New Mexico and lastly Texas. During election time, politicians set out to achieve the highest office in the land and parade about the country, all the while detailing how they and they alone can fix the ailments for the country and its people. With two of the biggest political contests also being two of the states that deal with immigration issues on a daily basis, immigration itself has grown into one of the biggest discussed issues during both the primaries, as well as the general election cycle. With Americans nervous on a daily basis about their own job security and the welfare of their families, the illegal immigration debate is something that they take very personally. As the 2008 Presidential election continues, it is imperative to observe how the mainstream candidates plan to conquer this problem. The best way to do that is to not only listen to their public speeches on the matter, but to also observe their written statements, or "agendas", that are published on their online campaign websites. Most would argue that this election year is a year of firsts. Either the first woman President, the first African American President, or the oldest ever elected President will be the result of this election year. Hillary Rodham Clinton has been in the political mindset for many going back to her husband's 1992 Presidential campaign. After her husband left office in 2001, she began a career in the United Sates Senate as a representative for the citizens of New York. Even before she officially entered the race, many had contemplated and theorized as to when, if ever, Mrs. Clinton would in fact fun for the highest elected office in the nation. After looking at the mainstream candidates who are working tirelessly to achieve the highest office in the land, it is also important to assess the methods which are being taken by the local, as well as state level government, to go about the issue of immigration. Before doing so, one would have to understand the costs of the illegal immigration to the citizens of the state of Texas. To do that, the group FAIR, or the Federation for American Immigration Reform, in their online report writes that, "Analysis of the latest Census data indicates Texas's illegal immigrant population is costing the state's taxpayers more than 4.7 billion per year for education, medical care, and incarceration. Even if the estimated tax contributions of illegal immigrant workers are subtracted, net outlays still amount to more than 3.7 billion per year. The annual fiscal burden amounts to $725 per Texas household headed by a native-born resident," ("FAIR" p.1). An idea to be brought forward to the bargaining table would be the introduction of new laws to deal with the issue of illegal immigration and its impact of native citizens. As another state that deals with the issue of illegal immigrants within its own borders, the California-based newspaper the San Francisco Chronicle, in an article written